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The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.
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【Objective】 To establish a dry fluorescent luminescence method for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and evaluate its clinical application. 【Methods】 Anti-HCV antibody was detected by double-antigen sandwich dry fluorescent luminescence method established using multi-epitope chimeric antigen. The established method was used to detect national reference samples(positive 20, negative 20), and a total of 349 clinical samples, including 108 HCV patients, 36 patients with other diseases and 205 healthy individuals, which were tested in parallel with enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to evaluate the performance of the established method. 【Results】 The concordance rate of positive and negative(each 20) reference samples were both 100% (20/20), and the CV of precision reference sample was 9.16%, which met the requirements of national reference samples. In clinical performance evaluation, the AUC value was 0.984, and the sensitivity and specificity of the dry fluorescent luminescence method were 96.30% (104/108) and 96.27% (233/241). The overall concordance rate between dry fluorescent luminescence method and ELISA was 97.71% (341/349) (Kappa=0.952). 【Conclusion】 The dry fluorescence luminescence method of HCV antibody is simple and rapid, with high sensitivity and high specificity, and can be used in clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between spine-pelvic sagittal parameters and clinical efficacy before and after oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 65 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated with OLIF were performed from July 2017 to July 2018. There were 26 males and 39 females aged from 33 to 79 years old with an average of (62.72±10.23) years old. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before and at the latest follow up were evaluated. Disc height (DH) and spine- pelvic sagittal parameters of the surgical segment were measured before and at the latest follow- up, including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL). According to the difference of PI-LL, it was judged whether PI and LL match and the patients were grouped, PI-LL ranged from -9° to 9° was set as matching group, and PI-LL less than -9° or larger than 9° was set as mismatching group. The spine-pelvic sagittal parameters were analyzed before and at the latest follow-up of OLIF in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, and the correlation between changes and clinical efficacy was compared.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 8 to 20 months with an average of (14.20±3.68) months. Operation time was (91.54±25.97) min, intraoperative blood loss was (48.15±10.14) ml, and the hospitalization time ranged from 6 to 19 days with an average of (9.28± 2.50) days. Totally 84 surgical levels, 46 patients were single segment and 19 patients were double segments. VAS and ODI score were improved from (4.88±0.99) point, (67.60±13.73) % preoperatively to (2.85±1.30) points, (30.57±6.48) % at the latest follow-up. There were significant differences in VAS and ODI scores between before and at the latest follow-up. The sagittal parameters of LL, PT, SS, PI, PI -LL and the surgical level DH were (42.80 ±16.35)° , (23.22 ±10.91)° , (26.95 ± 13.30)°, (50.22±14.51)°, (7.53±16.13) °, (0.91±0.29) cm preoperatively and improved to the latest follow-up (49.95± 12.82) °, (17.94±9.24) °, (33.71±12.66) °, (51.65±10.26) °, (1.68±17.00) °, (1.20±0.40) cm;there were statistical differences in LL, PT, SS, PI-LL, DH before operation and at the latest follow up, while no difference in PI. LL of preoperative PI-LL in matched group was (48.76±11.09)° , and (38.00±18.37)° in PI-LL mismatch group, there was difference between two groups. There were no differences in VAS, ODI, PT, SS, PI and DH between two groups. At the latest follow-up, ODI between PI-LL matched group and PI-LL mismatched group were (29.40±5.93)% and (32.86±7.02)% respectively, and had difference in ODI between two groups;while there were no significant differences in VAS, LL, PT, SS, PI, and DH. Pearson correlation analysis showed preoperative PT-LL was positively correlated with VAS;PT was positively correlated with ODI at the latest follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#OLIF has a good surgical effect on lumbar degenerative diseases, and could change spine-pelvic sagittal parameters of patient to a certain extent, and further restoring the balance of the sagittal plane of lumbar spine.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lumbar Vertebrae , Lumbosacral Region , Pelvis , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fusion , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
@#The aim of this paper was to study the species and sources of related substances in montelukast sodium granules based on HPLC-MS/MS. The related substances of the already marketed montelukast sodium granules(Singulair, 4 mg)were firstly separated and identified by HPLC-MS/MS method, and their chemical structures and sources were confirmed according to the pulished synthesis process and degradation studies. The results revealed that there were 7 related substances, whose chemical structures and sources were confirmed based on the MS/MS technique and the related literature. Impurity 7, montelukast quinoline ring oxynitride, had not been reported. This study systematically analyzed the related substances in the commercical product, which provides useful information for the development and quality control of the product.
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Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of raw products,rice-processed products and honey-processed products of Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,and establish determination of their chemical constituents,which was used to analyze the changes of types and contents of chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi before and after processing. Method:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was adopted,the separation process was carried out using a binary gradient elution system composed of 0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile,the column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength was 220 nm. Result:Compared with the corresponding reference fingerprint,the similarities of HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of raw products and processed products were >0.90.In raw products,rice-processed products and honey-processed products of Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,the contents of lobetyolin were (0.33±0.049),(0.24±0.034),(0.18±0.047) mg·g-1,the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ were (0.20±0.046),(0.40±0.046),(0.31±0.060) mg·g-1,the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) were (0.74±0.16),(1.45±0.19),(1.54±0.12) mg·g-1,respectively. Conclusion:Different processing methods have little effect on types of chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,but have great effect on the contents of some chemical constituents.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between the expression of leptin protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer.@*Methods@#The cancer tissue specimens of 112 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 were collected. Random number table method was used to select 50 cases of paracancerous normal mucosa tissues as the controls. The expression of leptin protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry. And the relationship between the expression of lepin protein and the clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed.@*Results@#The positive rate of leptin protein in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous normal gastric mucosa tissues, and the difference was statistically significant [68.8% (77/112) vs. 34.0% (17/50), χ2 = 17.139, P < 0.01]. The expression of leptin protein was associated with tumor vessel invasion, invasion depth and TNM stage (all P < 0.05). The expression of leptin protein was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth and TNM stage (r = 0.265, P = 0.005; r = 0.318, P = 0.001). The 5-year total survival rates of patients with positive and negative expression of leptin protein were 65.2% and 78.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.526, P = 0.002). The 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 71.7% and 67.6%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 2.321, P = 0.128). In patients with positive expression of leptin protein, 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 47.4% and 74.2%, respectively (χ 2 = 6.336, P = 0.012). In patients with negative expression of leptin protein, 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 92.3% and 18.2%, respectively (χ 2 = 14.237, P < 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that leptin protein expression, lymph node metastasis, pathological grading, vessel invasion and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer (all P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Leptin protein is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, and it can be used as a marker for judging the prognosis and chemotherapy effect of gastric cancer patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Pinggan Prescription (, PGP) on hypertension by the associated methods of metabonomic and pharmacodynamic.@*METHODS@#A total of 32 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into two groups by using the random number table method: a treatment group (n=18) and a model group (n=14). The Wistar rats (n=14) were used as the normal group. Different prescription were used to intervene three groups: the treatment group in which PGP extract was administered orally at a dose of 18.336 g/kg (PGP/body weight), and the model group in which physiological saline was administered at the equivalent dose. The same treatment was applied to the normal group as the model group. The blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method, and pharmacodynamic indexes including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and angiotensin II (Ang II) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma samples from three groups were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, blood pressure of treatment group was obviously reduced after continuous curing with PGP (P<0.01). The pharmacodynamic results illustrated that the content of Ang II increased with the raised blood pressure and the cAMP expressed the converse trend. After curing with PGP, the content of Ang II decreased, the difference between model group and treatment group was significant (P<0.01), and the cAMP expressed the converse trend. Five potential biomarkers were identified, including arachidonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, elaidic acid, octadecanedioic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. These metabolites had shown significantly changes as followed: arachidonic acid, hexadecanoic acid and elaidic acid were significantly higher and octadecanedioic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid were lowered in the model group than those in the normal group. After the treatment of PGP, the metabolites had the trends of returning to normal along with the reduced blood pressure.@*CONCLUSIONS@#PGP intervention for hypertension played a major role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Metabonomic with pharmacodynamic methods could be potentially powerful tools to investigate the mechanism of Chinese medicine.
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Animals , Male , Biomarkers , Blood , Discriminant Analysis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hypertension , Blood , Drug Therapy , Least-Squares Analysis , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Metabolomics , Models, Biological , Principal Component Analysis , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of leptin protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods The cancer tissue specimens of 112 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 were collected. Random number table method was used to select 50 cases of paracancerous normal mucosa tissues as the controls. The expression of leptin protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry. And the relationship between the expression of lepin protein and the clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Results The positive rate of leptin protein in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous normal gastric mucosa tissues, and the difference was statistically significant [68.8％ (77/112) vs. 34.0％ (17/50), χ2= 17.139, P< 0.01]. The expression of leptin protein was associated with tumor vessel invasion, invasion depth and TNM stage (all P< 0.05). The expression of leptin protein was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth and TNM stage (r=0.265, P=0.005;r=0.318, P=0.001). The 5-year total survival rates of patients with positive and negative expression of leptin protein were 65.2％ and 78.4％, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 9.526, P= 0.002). The 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 71.7％ and 67.6％, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2= 2.321, P= 0.128). In patients with positive expression of leptin protein, 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 47.4％ and 74.2％ , respectively (χ2= 6.336, P= 0.012). In patients with negative expression of leptin protein, 5-year total survival rates of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not were 92.3％and 18.2％, respectively (χ2 = 14.237, P< 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that leptin protein expression, lymph node metastasis, pathological grading, vessel invasion and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Leptin protein is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, and it can be used as a marker for judging the prognosis and chemotherapy effect of gastric cancer patients.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene mutation characteristics of Canavan disease.Methods The clinical data of a child with Canavan disease diagnosed by gene detection who visited Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in June 2018 were reviewed and analyzed.Results A one year and five months old girl presented with psychomotor retrogression,hypermyotonia,and tendon hyperreflexia.The urinary N-acetylaspartic acid levels were significantly higher (66.832 7,more than 60 times that of normal individuals).Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a multiple and symmetrical hyperintense signal changes in the cerebral white matter.Two heterozygous mutations c.79_80del (p.Gly27Arg) and c.554G＞T (p.Gly185Val) were screened by targeted next generation sequencing.The results of Sanger sequencing showed the two mutations were compound heterozygous mutation derived from her father and mother,and the mutation c.554G＞T has never been reported.Conclusions The next generation sequencing can accurately detect ASPA gene mutation as the first choice for the diagnosis of Canavan disease.The mutation c.554G＞T enriches the gene mutation spectrum of Canavan disease.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) with clinicopathological features of the patients in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.Methods Fifty-seven tissues in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer and 57 normal mucosal tissues in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010 were collected.The expression of VEGF-C and LVD were detected by using immunohistochemical method.The relationship between VEGF-C and LVD with the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer was analyzed.Results The expression of VEGF-C and LVD in cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues (6.80±1.24 vs.2.07±0.17,t =3.773,P =0.000;3.19±0.53 vs.1.84±0.26,t =2.276,P =0.025).There were statistical differences between VEGF-C and LVD in different tumor diameter (4.00±0.54 vs.11.26±2.89,t =-3.049,P =0.004;1.89±0.37 vs.5.27±1.12,t =-3.376,P =0.001) and relapse or metastasis (4.74±1.31 vs.10.62 ±2.39,t =-2.158,P =0.039;1.86±0.45 vs.5.65±1.06,t =-3.778,P =0.000).LVD in VEGF-C positive group was higher than that in VEGF-C negative group (4.16±0.64 vs.0.21±0.11,t =3.503,P =0.001).The expression of VEGF-C was positively correlated with LVD (r =0.892,P =0.000).Conclusions The expression of VEGF-C in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer is correlated with LVD,as well as tumor size and relapse or metastasis.VEGF-C and LVD could also play important roles in the occurrence,development and metastasis in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.
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Objective To investigate the value of MRI on the perianal muscles developmental situation and associated malformations in congenital anorectal malformation.Methods The MRI features of 37 cases with congenital anorectal malformation were analyzed retrospectively.All of them were performed pelvic MRI,and 28 cases were underwent lumbosacral MRI additionally.Results Of the 37 cases,there were 9 cases with muscle belly slim and 6 cases with bilateral asymmetry of the levator ani muscle;12 cases with muscle belly slim,5 cases with bilateral asymmetry and 6 cases with irregular shape of anal sphincter.There was 1 case of ectopic kidney and fused kidney,8 cases of sacrum and coccyx vertebra deformation,4 cases of lipoma of filum terminale,3 cases of low cone,1 case of tethered cord,2 cases of cyst of coni medullaris and 3 cases of syringomyelus.There were 1 7 cases with fistula in congenital anorectal malformation proved by surgery,including 10 cases of urethral fistula,3 cases of bladder fistula,2 cases of perineal fistula,2 cases of vaginal fistula.9 cases with fistula could be clearly demonstrated on MRI,the others could not be visualized clearly. Conclusion MRI can clearly show the perianal muscles developmental situation and associated malformations in congenital anorectal malformation.MRI has high clinical value in congenital anorectal malformations.
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Objective To study the relationship between expression of leptin and clinical pathogenesis and prognosis of stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 102 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital between January 2005 and December 2010 was collected and statistically analyzed.The expression of leptin in postoperative colorectal cancer tissues and 40 normal colorectal tissues was detected by P-V immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of leptin in cancer tissues were obviously higher than that in normal tissues [59.8 ％ (61/102) vs.17.5 ％ (7/40),x 2 =20.605,P =0.000].There was no association between leptin expression level and gender,age,tumor location,pathological grading,pathological types,tumor size,invasion depth and body mass index (all P ＜ 0.05).Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that leptin expression (P =0.041) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P =0.008) were independent factors affecting OS in patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.The patients with positive expression of leptin could not benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy (P =0.259),and patients without leptin expression had improved survival when treated by adjuvant chemotherapy (P =0.021).Conclusion The expression of leptin in stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer tissues is obviously higher than that in normal tissues.Leptin is associated with chemotherapy resistance and therapy-independent prognosis.
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Docetaxel is a semi-synthetic taxoid anti-cancer drug, which can basically freeze intracellular skeleton that is composed of microtubules, so as to inhibit cell division. Under normal condition, Docetaxel can make microtubule in a cell cycle follow the rule of first polymerization and then depolymerization. Moreover, docetaxel can further promote the microtubule polymerization while inhibiting cell depolymerization, so as to prevent cells division, lead to cancer cells death, and improve the therapeutic efficiency of tumor and cancer. However, as a newly developed drug, docetaxel's specific clinical effect has not been fully verified yet. Therefore, in this research, 2000 patients of advanced head and neck neoplasm were selected as research objects, which were treated with docetaxel combined with DDP and fluorouracil. By observing indexes such as patient's condition, complication condition, and life quality, the clinical effect of docetaxel combined therapy scheme in treating head and neck neoplasm was analyzed. Results show that such therapy scheme is of sound therapeutic effect and high application value
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of expression of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) mRNA and lymph node micrometastasis and prognosis in patients with node-negative colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods From June 2008 to August 2010,a total of 63 patients with lymph node-negative CRC,20 patients with lymph node-positive CRC and 25 patients with colorectal benign lesions were enrolled.The relative quantity expression (RQ) of Tiam1 mRNA in CRC cancer tissues and colorectal benign lesions were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The lymph node micrometastasis was determined by cytokeratin 20 detection in lymph nodes tissues.The five-year postoperative prognosis was evaluated by followed-up in the patients with lymph node-negative CRC.The correlation between the expression of Tiam1 mRNA and lymph node micrometastasis and prognosis was analyzed.The t-test,univariate analysis,multivariate analysis and Log-rank test were performed for statistical analysis.Results Lymphnode micrometastasis occurred in 33 from 63 patients with lymph node-negative CRC.The RQ of Tiam1 mRNA in the patients with lymph node-positive CRC was 9.84±-2.36,which was higher than that of patients with lymph node-negative CRC (5.15±3.58),and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.479,P＜0.01).The RQ of Tiam1 mRNA of these two groups were both higher than that of colorectal benign lesion (0.30± 0.21),and the difference was statistically significant(t=20.169,6.745;both P＜0.01).The RQ of Tiam1 mRNA of positive lymph node micrometastasis group was 6.30±1.95,which was higher than that of negative lymph node micrometastasis group (3.88 ± 1.63),and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.330,P＜0.01).In the patients with lymph node-negative CRC,the lower degree of tumor difference,the deeper invasion,the shorter survival time after surgery and postoperative recurrence and metastasis were related with the higher RQ of Tiam1 mRNA in tumor tissues (t=2.536,3.112,3.213,2.676;all P＜0.05).Univariate analysis revealed that the expression of Tiam1 mRNA in cancer tissues was correlated with lymph node micrometastases(x2=11.878,P =0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that it was an independent risk factors of lymph node micrometastases in CRC (relative risk:9.782).The five-year postoperative cumulative survival rate of high Tiaml mRNA expression group was 75.8 ％,which was lower than that of low expression group (97.1 ％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.575,P＜0.05).Conclusions Tiam1 may participate in the regulation of lymph node metastasis in CRC.Elevated expression of Tiam1 promotes lymph node metastasis and is closely relatived with poor prognosis of node-negative CRC,and which can be considered as an indicator of prognosis.
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Objective To determine the content of heavy metals and harmful elements in commercially available Yuanhu Zhitong Capsule. Methods The determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and chromium by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry was established.Results The recovery rate of the method was between 91.2% and 111.2%, and the precision of the experiment was less than 5%, and the range of each element was good.The stability and reproducibility of the method were good.Lead and cadmium and copper of Yuanhu zhitong capsule in different degree exceeded the standard, while the content of arsenic, mercury and chromium was in accordance with the requirements. Conclusion The method is simple and easy to operate, convenient and quick.The content of the current limit of Yuanhu zhitong capsule still need to establish the quality standard of lead and cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and chromium.In this paper, the establishment of the heavy metals and harmful elements determination method of Yuanhu zhitong capsule provide quality control and safety evaluation of reference.
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Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic abscess,thus to improve the level of the treatment of prostatic abscess.Methods The clinical manifestations, imaging examination and treatment of prostatic abscess patients were analyzed.11 cases were taken by transrectal puncture drainage,transurethral electric cutting and application of sensitive antibiotic conservative treatment.Results 1 case was cured after medicine conser-vative treatment.The rest 10 patients,7 cases underwent ultrasound guided by transrectal puncture drainage,3 cases of transurethral electric cutting prostatic abscess to top decompression.Review showed that 8 cases of abscess obviously decreased or disappeared,2 cases had no significant change,again the puncture drainage after cured.Follow-up of 3-12 months,no recurrence observed.Conclusion Prostatic abscess is uncommon clinical abscess according to size, location and the result of bacterial culture +drug susceptibility, and combining the patients'physical condition to choose a suitable treatment method.
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To develop a method for the rapid monitoring of five components during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).The contents of five components detemined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used as the reference values, and the NIRS based partial least square regression(PLSR) models were used to monitor the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution, which were optimized and verified through comparing of different spectral pre-processing and variables selection methods. Determination coefficients(Rcal2 and Rpred2), root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean squares error of calibration(RMSEC) and ratiao of performance to deviation(RPD) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models, and the corresponding values were 0.993 3 and 0.997 6, 0.084 9 g•L⁻¹, 0.073 3 g•L⁻¹ and 14.7 for paeoniforin; 0.991 4, 0.992 7, 0.028 1 g•L⁻¹, 0.030 5 g•L⁻¹ and 10.2 for albiforin; 0.955 3, 0.976 1, 0.012 0 g•L⁻¹, 0.012 3 g•L⁻¹ and 5.1 for liquiritin; 0.958 8, 0.990 3, 0.003 89 g•L⁻¹, 0.002 89 g•L⁻¹ and 7.1 for cinnamic acid; 0.982 0, 0.986 3, 0.053 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.059 0 g•L⁻¹, 7.2 for glycyrrhizic acid, respectively. The results indicated that the presented approach was effectively for the quantitative monitoring of the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between quantitative detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in peripheral blood and metachronous liver metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods The quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA in pre-and post-operative peripheral blood were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 168 patients with CRC and normal controls.The postoperative 3 years,prognosis of the CRC patients were followed-up.The relationship between peripheral blood hTERT mRNA expression levels and the metachronous liver metastasis and prognosis of CRC were analyzed.Results The hTERT mRNA expressions in preoperative,6 month postoperative peripheral blood in postoperative liver metastases group were significantly higher than those in the postoperative non-metachronous liver metastases group in the same term [(8.35 ± 5.86) (2-△ △Ct) vs (4.42 ± 2.88) (2-△ △Ct),(1.87 ± 1.85) (2-△ △Ct) vs (1.03 ± 0.92) (2-△△Ct),P ＜ 0.01].The hTERT mRNA expressions in preoperative peripheral blood of CRC group were positively related to the differentiated degree of tumor,tumor size,lymph node metastasis(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),and were negatively related to the postoperative survival(P ＜ 0.01).Univariate analysis revealed that hTERT mRNA expressions in preoperative and 6 months postoperative peripheral blood were all correlated with postoperative liver metastases from CRC.Multivariate Cox analysis showed that they were independent risk factors for postoperative CRC liver metastases(EXP =4.282,9.171).The 3 year survival rate of the postoperative CRC liver metastases group was significantly lower than that of the postoperative non-CRC liver metastases group.Conclusions hTERT mRNA expressions in preoperative peripheral blood are related to the important pathologic feature,postoperative liver metastasis and prognosis of CRC.hTERT mRNA expressions in preoperative and 6 months postoperative peripheral blood might be a predictive biomarker for CRC metachronous liver metastases.The elevation of hTERT mRNA expression levels in postoperative peripheral blood were related to postoperative CRC liver metastasis.
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Objective The aim of this study is to demonstrate the pathological characteristics about two types of pancreati‐tis ,providing new thinking about the mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis .Methods Thirty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were ran‐domly divided into three equal groups :sham‐operated (SO ,n=10) group ,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP ,n=10)) group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP ,n=10) group ,all the rats were killed after 12 h of building model .Under the microscope ,we detected the pathological changes of pancreas ,liver ,lung and small intestine .The ultrastructure of pancreas ,liver ,lung and small intestine tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope .Results In SAP group ,congestion ,edema ,inflammatory cell infiltration ,lea‐king of blood componedts ,vascular endothelial injury and thrombosis of microcirculation were obviously observed .There is no ap‐parent pathological changes in the MAP group except the edema of pancreas .Conclusion Hemorrhage and necrosis are the main pathological characteristics in SAP rats ,has essential difference with MAP .These pathological characteristics provides us a new thinking for further study about the mechanism of SAP .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To realize quadratic formula optimization of Renshen Jianxin Capsule (RJC) by screening Chinese herbs with major anti-myocardial ischemia effect in RJC and optimize their optimal dosages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By following "uniform design-pharmacodynamic experiment-mathematical modeling-formula optimization", authors employed U10(10(8)) uniform design in the experiment. Eight Chinese herbs contained in RJC were taken as observatory factors. Electrocardiograph (ECG) changes of myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol were taken as pharmacodynamic indices. The mathematical model between herbal factors and pharmacodynamic indices was established using stepwise regression analysis to screen Chinese herbs with major anti-myocardial ischemia effect. Their optimal dosages were optimized using the grid algorithm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The regression equation was y =1. 7889 -0. 3247 Ginseng xSalvia Miltiorrhiza -0. 0663 Astragalus membranaceus xOriental Waterplantain tuber. Forecasting factors included were Ginseng, Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, and Oriental Waterplantain tuber. The optimal formula dosage calculated by the grid algorithm was Ginseng 1. 62 g, Astragalus membranaceus 4. 62 g, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 2. 43 g, and Oriental Waterplantain tuber 1. 66 g.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uniform design combined with stepwise regression analysis and grid algorithm were able to realize quadratic formula optimization of RJC.</p>